Which document governs the shipping of hazardous materials?

The Bill of Lading is the correct answer because it serves as a vital transportation document in the shipping process. It acts not only as a receipt for the goods being shipped but also as a contract between the shipper and the carrier. When it comes to hazardous materials, the Bill of Lading must contain specific information required by regulations, such as the proper shipping name, UN number, and hazard class, which ensures that the materials are handled and transported safely.

Having this critical information documented is essential for compliance with various regulatory frameworks, including those set by the Department of Transportation (DOT) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The Bill of Lading aids carriers in knowing how to safely manage hazardous materials during transport, thus reducing risks associated with exposure and accidents.

In contrast, the other options, while important for various aspects of shipping and trade, do not serve the same regulatory purpose in governing the transport of hazardous materials. For instance, a Commercial Invoice is primarily used for billing purposes and does not include the necessary safety information for hazardous materials. A Certificate of Origin verifies the country of origin for customs purposes but is not concerned with the specifics of material safety. Lastly, a Shipping Manifest may list all items being shipped but lacks the detailed regulatory